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TURKEY > HISTORY >> The Republic Period
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THE REPUBLIC PERIOD
Modern Turkish Period (1923-Present)
| 1923 |
Establishment of the Turkish
Republic with Ataturk as its first president |
| 1924 |
Abolition of Caliphate |
| 1925-1938 |
Ataturk's program of reforms to modernize
Turkey |
| 1938 |
Death of Ataturk; Ismet Inonu becomes
the Republic's second president |
| 1939-1945 |
Despite the alliance with Britain
and France, Turkey remains neutral during World War II |
| 1946 |
Turkey becomes a charter member of
United Nations |
| 1950 |
Turkey enters Korean War as a part
of United Nations force; change from a single-party to a multi-party system |
| 1952 |
Joins the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) |
The attempt of the victorious Allies to control the Anatolian territory led to
the Turkish War of Independence (1918-23).
Following the occupation of Istanbul in 1920 by the British, Italian and French,
a Greek army advanced from Izmir deep into Anatolia.
While the sultan offered no resistance, under the leadership of Kemal Ataturk,
the Turkish Nationalists overturned the postwar settlement embodied in the Treaty
of Sévres (1920) and established the Republic of Turkey, formally recognized by
the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.
Mustafa Kemal retired his military uniform and inspired the people to an even
greater task: Transformation of the country into the democratic, secular Republic
of Turkey.
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